旧约 - 尼希米记（Nehemiah）第9章

Now in the twenty and fourth day of this month the children of Israel were assembled with fasting, and with sackclothes, and earth upon them.

And the seed of Israel separated themselves from all strangers, and stood and confessed their sins, and the iniquities of their fathers.

And they stood up in their place, and read in the book of the law of the LORD their God one fourth part of the day; and another fourth part they confessed, and worshipped the LORD their God.

Then stood up upon the stairs, of the Levites, Jeshua, and Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani, and Chenani, and cried with a loud voice unto the LORD their God.

Then the Levites, Jeshua, and Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabniah, Sherebiah, Hodijah, Shebaniah, and Pethahiah, said, Stand up and bless the LORD your God for ever and ever: and blessed be thy glorious name, which is exalted above all blessing and praise.

Thou, even thou, art LORD alone; thou hast made heaven, the heaven of heavens, with all their host, the earth, and all things that are therein, the seas, and all that is therein, and thou preservest them all; and the host of heaven worshippeth thee.

Thou art the LORD the God, who didst choose Abram, and broughtest him forth out of Ur of the Chaldees, and gavest him the name of Abraham;

And foundest his heart faithful before thee, and madest a covenant with him to give the land of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the Jebusites, and the Girgashites, to give it, I say, to his seed, and hast performed thy words; for thou art righteous:

And didst see the affliction of our fathers in Egypt, and heardest their cry by the Red sea;

And shewedst signs and wonders upon Pharaoh, and on all his servants, and on all the people of his land: for thou knewest that they dealt proudly against them. So didst thou get thee a name, as it is this day.

And thou didst divide the sea before them, so that they went through the midst of the sea on the dry land; and their persecutors thou threwest into the deeps, as a stone into the mighty waters.

Moreover thou leddest them in the day by a cloudy pillar; and in the night by a pillar of fire, to give them light in the way wherein they should go.

Thou camest down also upon mount Sinai, and spakest with them from heaven, and gavest them right judgments, and true laws, good statutes and commandments:

And madest known unto them thy holy sabbath, and commandedst them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses thy servant:

And gavest them bread from heaven for their hunger, and broughtest forth water for them out of the rock for their thirst, and promisedst them that they should go in to possess the land which thou hadst sworn to give them.

But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments,

And refused to obey, neither were mindful of thy wonders that thou didst among them; but hardened their necks, and in their rebellion appointed a captain to return to their bondage: but thou art a God ready to pardon, gracious and merciful, slow to anger, and of great kindness, and forsookest them not.

Yea, when they had made them a molten calf, and said, This is thy God that brought thee up out of Egypt, and had wrought great provocations;

Yet thou in thy manifold mercies forsookest them not in the wilderness: the pillar of the cloud departed not from them by day, to lead them in the way; neither the pillar of fire by night, to shew them light, and the way wherein they should go.

Thou gavest also thy good spirit to instruct them, and withheldest not thy manna from their mouth, and gavest them water for their thirst.

Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.

Moreover thou gavest them kingdoms and nations, and didst divide them into corners: so they possessed the land of Sihon, and the land of the king of Heshbon, and the land of Og king of Bashan.

Their children also multipliedst thou as the stars of heaven, and broughtest them into the land, concerning which thou hadst promised to their fathers, that they should go in to possess it.

So the children went in and possessed the land, and thou subduedst before them the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, and gavest them into their hands, with their kings, and the people of the land, that they might do with them as they would.

And they took strong cities, and a fat land, and possessed houses full of all goods, wells digged, vineyards, and oliveyards, and fruit trees in abundance: so they did eat, and were filled, and became fat, and delighted themselves in thy great goodness.

Nevertheless they were disobedient, and rebelled against thee, and cast thy law behind their backs, and slew thy prophets which testified against them to turn them to thee, and they wrought great provocations.

Therefore thou deliveredst them into the hand of their enemies, who vexed them: and in the time of their trouble, when they cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and according to thy manifold mercies thou gavest them saviours, who saved them out of the hand of their enemies.

But after they had rest, they did evil again before thee: therefore leftest thou them in the hand of their enemies, so that they had the dominion over them: yet when they returned, and cried unto thee, thou heardest them from heaven; and many times didst thou deliver them according to thy mercies;

And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.

Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear: therefore gavest thou them into the hand of the people of the lands.

Nevertheless for thy great mercies' sake thou didst not utterly consume them, nor forsake them; for thou art a gracious and merciful God.

Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day.

Howbeit thou art just in all that is brought upon us; for thou hast done right, but we have done wickedly:

Neither have our kings, our princes, our priests, nor our fathers, kept thy law, nor hearkened unto thy commandments and thy testimonies, wherewith thou didst testify against them.

For they have not served thee in their kingdom, and in thy great goodness that thou gavest them, and in the large and fat land which thou gavest before them, neither turned they from their wicked works.

Behold, we are servants this day, and for the land that thou gavest unto our fathers to eat the fruit thereof and the good thereof, behold, we are servants in it:

And it yieldeth much increase unto the kings whom thou hast set over us because of our sins: also they have dominion over our bodies, and over our cattle, at their pleasure, and we are in great distress.

And because of all this we make a sure covenant, and write it; and our princes, Levites, and priests, seal unto it.

尼希米记第九章　　第 9 章　

　　尼 9:1> 9:1　禁食、身穿麻衣、头蒙灰尘，是公开表示忧伤和悔改的举动。　

　　尼 9:2-3> 你有没有常常向神忏悔认罪的习惯？你觉得这重要吗？　

　　9:2-3　希伯来人习惯公开认罪，彼此忏悔。认罪前，我们要先读神的话，祂会藉此指明我们的罪。在敬拜之前，我们也先要认罪，因为罪会隔绝我们与神的关系。　

　　尼 9:7-38> 以色列人为什么喜欢重述历史？从历史中，人们可以学到……　

　　9:7-38　在圣经中，不少祈祷和信息都包括了对以色列历史的忆述，原因是那时的人并不像今日的人能拥有自己的圣经。这些对神过去作为的重述提醒以色列人，自己拥有伟大的产业和神的应许。　

　　借鉴历史，我们可以避免重犯祖先的错误，对神有更美好的事奉，并使我们明白使灵命成长的方法，作一个神所喜悦的人。　

　　尼 9:16-21> 神乐意饶恕人，也要人如此待人──可祂是神呀！而我……　

　　9:16-21　神从不舍弃以色列人这一点，显明祂无比的耐性。虽然我们不断跌倒、骄傲、固执，但神总是准备好了宽恕（ 9:17 ），圣灵也准备好了随时指引我们（ 9:20 ）。明白神是何等宽宏大量，我们便容易原谅得罪自己的人，甚至宽恕他们“七十个七次”（参太 18:21-22 ）。　

　　尼 9:28-31> 犯罪我免不了，背叛神倒不至于，不过……　

　　9:28-31　以色列人常犯罪背叛神，但只要肯悔改归向祂，神必将他们从罪中释放。神永不会拒绝我们到祂的宝座前。只要我们愿意亲近祂、承认我们的需要，求祂帮助，祂的怜悯就临到我们。这奇妙的恩典，感动我们赞美这位慈悲的天父。当你生活一再遇到困难时，不断地求神帮助，同时愿意改变自己的心态和行为，问题便可得到解决。　

　　尼 9:35> 我对神赐的恩典是感谢还是……　

　　9:35　有时神赐丰厚的恩典，我们却忘记祂，因为我们将安全感建立在财富之上。以色列人的叛逆提醒了我们，我们是感谢神的恩典，还是以为一切皆出于自己而漠视神的恩典？　

　　尼 9:36> “神赐给我大恩时，我一定会感谢祂”──你认为神赐给你的恩典大不大？你认为怎样才算大？　

　　9:36　以色列人的处境十分尴尬，也非常具有讽刺意味──神本已将地赐给他们，他们却要在自己的地上作奴隶，每年把部分出产及财物进贡给别国的王。　

　　尼 9:38> 以色列人这次与神立了哪些约？这些约的实质是什么？　

　　9:38　以色列人与神立的约有六项规条，他们同意：（ 1 ）不与外族人通婚（ 10:30 ）；（ 2 ）守安息日（ 10:31 ）；（ 3 ）遵守每逢第七年为安息年（ 10:31 ）（ 4 ）缴圣殿税；（ 5 ）向圣殿提供献祭用的柴（ 10:34 ）；（ 6 ）把金钱物资奉献到圣殿去（ 10:35-38 ）。经过多年的衰微和放逐，以色列人再次认真跟从神，专心遵守祂的律法。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

尼希米记注释　　九1～3 住棚节之后，百姓为全国认罪的大日子聚集。他们与在他们中间的外邦人离绝，在耶和华面前自卑。他们禁食、哀伤；三小时诵经（念）经文，再用三小时认罪、敬拜。

　　认罪是复兴之途。神从来不把他生命的种子撒在一颗刚硬不肯破碎的心灵中，他只肯撒种于那些被他圣灵所破碎的心灵，那些有悔改之泪与喜乐之泪所浇灌过的心田。基督徒往往把认罪悔改的经验停止于初信主的时候。由于生活工作和教会事工种种的压制，我们何等容易使认罪悔改成为过去的一种记忆。但是，我们若要复兴，我们必须向神完全降服，向神的旨意破碎。

　　九4～38 然后，第4和5节记述利未人领百姓作认罪的伟大祷告（6～37节），以及立约签名（38节）。有些人认为虽然没有特别提到以斯拉的名字，但是以斯拉领祷的。这是圣经中最长的一篇祷文，深深立根在这神圣的历史中。

　　这篇祷文最重要的主题，是以色列人虽然叛逆，但神仍是信实的。祷文的大纲如下：创造（6节）；神呼召亚伯拉罕，与他立约（7～8节）；出埃及（9～12节）；西乃山上颁律法（l3～14节）；神在旷野的奇妙供应（l5节）；以色列人在旷野常常悖逆，与神不变的慈爱作比较（16～21节）；征服迦南（22～25节）；土师时代（26～28节）；不听警告，最终被掳（29～31节）；求神赦免，救他们脱离被掳的后果（32～37节）；众民愿与神立……约的心（38节）。

　　祷文大纲的另一种排法是按着圣经书卷来记述这个过程：第6至8节——创世记；第9至13节——出埃及记；第14节——利未记；第15至20节——民数记（第18节除外）；第21至23节——民数记和申命记；第24和25节——约书亚记；第26至29节——士师记；第30至37节——撒母耳记上至历代志下。这是出自圣经的祷告！当中的事情是从神的观点看。整篇祷文都承认神的信实，而怜悯和恩典是以色列人能站稳的基础。

　　从多方面看，最后一节（38节）是全篇祷文最重要的部分。犹太人知道问题不在于主而是在他们；他们决定要为此做一些事情（立约的内容详看第十章）。虽然祈祷和认罪很重要，但绝不能代替顺服。

尼希米记　　注释　

　　九 1-37 认罪　

　　在第八至十章的整体结构中，宣读律法（八章）之后，便是认罪（九章），以准备心灵去重新立约，遵守律法上的诫命（十章）。　

　　九 1-5 聚集认罪　

　　本段最显着的一点是，以斯拉和尼希米的名字都没有在经文中出现。重点在于每一个人都以言语、态度（ 1 节）和行为（ 2 节），承认自己在整个群体过往的罪和现今的苦况上，都要负上责任。因此，带领会众一起敬拜和认罪的，是两组利未人（ 4-5 节）。　

　　九 5 下 -37 认罪的祷告　

　　真心的认罪源于重新认识神是谁，而这个祷告的开始也是如此。一开始，神已彰显自己为一位配得一切称颂和赞美的神（ 5 节下）。惟独祂是耶和华，正如祂在创世时所彰显的（ 6 节）；祂拣选了埃布尔兰，无条件地应许把地赐给他，并应验祂所应许的话，证明祂是公义的（ 7-8 节）；祂又拯救祂的子民离开埃及，越过红海（ 9-11 节），证明祂配得这样的名声（ 10 节）。因此，祷告中这首 3 段，以未能尽致地表达的言词，谈及了神的美善和恩惠，而这也提供了基础，去强烈地对比着众民现今所感受的境况，正如在祷告之末所略述的（ 32-37 节）；本段开首所使用的一些主要用词，也在那里重复了。　

　　谈到旷野的旅程时（ 12-21 节），出现了一个新的要点。虽然神不断施恩，供应以色列民的所需（ 12-15 节），他们却开始背叛神（ 16-18 节）。不过，这情况只是彰显神另一方面的性情，就是祂的怜悯（ 17 节下）。无论众民怎样行，祂仍是供应他们所需，保存他们的性命（ 19-21 节），最后更把他们带到祂许久以前应许赐给他们的土地（ 22-25 节）。　

　　应许地上之生活的描绘（ 26-31 节），多受士师记不断重复的模式所影响；这模式也在列王纪出现。我们不能确定当中所指的是哪些事件；这里的焦点集中在众民叛逆的本质和神对此的回应上。文中 3 次提到他们不顺服，因而被交在敌人手中（ 26-27 节上、 28 节上、 29-30 节）。在首两次事件中，他们向神呼求，神便因祂的怜悯而拯救他们（ 27 节下、 28 节下）。然而，到了第三次，神怜悯拯救的部分便没有重复，这大概因为 29 至 31 节是谈及他们被巴比伦征服和俘掳，而在神学上来说，这状况在他们祷告的时候是仍然存在的；复兴仍未能说是完全，因为外邦的辖制仍然存在（ 36-37 节）。　

　　随着这样的代求，并不是作者报告众民向神发出呼求，而是众民实际地作出一个产生如此效果的祷告；祷告从第 32 节开始。针对从前发生的一切事，这祷告形成了一种强烈的盼望，盼望神会再次把祂的子民从现今受辖制的境况中释放出来，并且祂会再次忠于起初的应许，容许他们在应许地上经历真正的自由。因此，众民的认罪，对于他们的复兴是一个重要的步骤，而复兴是这几章圣经一个整体的主题。　

　　九 38 至十 39 誓守律法　

　　在第十章中，众民进入了一个有约束力的誓约（ 1 节），就是遵守律法中各项条约；虽然不是全部，也是大部分与圣殿及敬拜的支持有关（ 29-39 节）。作为以斯拉和尼希米共同努力工作之高峰，本段显出众民要过一种新生活的迫切性；这生活彰显他们曾经历神复兴之恩。这响应是因神为他们成就了大事，而不以得到复兴为先决条件。　

　　像第八和第九章一样，第十章的历史背景并不能确定。许多学者留意到，契约中多半具体的要点，似乎都是为了避免尼希米在第十三章一件一件去处理的陋习，他们因而下结论说，本章的誓约必是后期才按形式去列明的。若是这样，本书最后的编辑就是按主题去把材料分组处理，而不是严格地按年份去铺排。请参看上文有关第八至十章和第八章的引言，并留意第七章的叙述被中断了，到第十一章才重新接回；这显示第八至十章是分开来处理的。　

尼希米记

尼希米记第九章

9：1 本章记有《诗篇》之外最华丽的一篇祷词，全民在神前承认己罪，恳求神的赦宥和赐福。

“这月二十四日”应为主前445年十月三十日。犹太宗教历七月份，在第一日有欢庆新年的吹角日，第十日为全民求神赦罪的赎罪日，第十五日为住棚节。

回归后的犹太人听过律法宣读之后，曾欢度吹角节和住棚节，现在遵照赎罪日的精神，全民聚集、禁食、披麻蒙灰，站着用三个小时读律法，又用三个小时承认自己和列祖的罪（3节）。

9：2 参加住棚节的应该包括所有的居民，其中有外邦人（参民15：15；申29：10-13）。但这里禁食认的罪是以色列民的罪，与外邦人无关，故说“与一切外邦人离绝”，应该无外邦人参加。

9：5 这篇长达32节的认罪祷词，以犹太民族背信弃义的历史为背景，内容分四大部分：1，神赐全民的福分（6-15节）；2，虽背弃神仍继续蒙恩（16-25节）；3，虽蒙神恩仍继续背叛（26-31节）；4，求神施行拯救（32-37节）。整个祷词的中心是全民“从亚述列王的时候直到今日所遭遇的苦难，现在求你不要以为小”（32节），也就是说：救我们脱离外族辖制的轭。

律法书的宣读不仅燃发了全民认罪的热心，也促使大家重新看重神与全民所立的那约，因而恳求神的赦罪和救恩。

犹太人虽已获释回国，仍在外族统治下。波斯王朝和亚述王朝比较，虽然仁慈宽大得多，毕竟仍是外族（32，37节）。这种仍为“奴仆…在受辖制之中”（拉9：9），切求有一日能解除的心态，弥漫最后数节中。

9：32 “亚述列王”指提革拉毗列色三世，又名普勒（代上5：26）；撒缦以色三世（王下18：9）；撒珥根二世（赛20：1）；西拿基立（王下18：13）；以撒哈顿（拉4：2）；和亚斯那巴（拉4：10）。

9：37 犹太人受的苦难包括“任意辖制我们的身体”，异族朝廷征服兵役与劳役便是一例。

旧约 - 尼希米记（Nehemiah）第9章

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